His failure to secure foreign investment and curb domestic inflation put the country in a difficult situation which exacerbated social conflicts. Attempts to stabilize the currency were financed by aid packages from the International Monetary Fund. The country's economic situation deteriorated rapidly. He openly criticized the Bay of Pigs invasion by the US, but criticized the Cuban regime of Fidel Castro during the Cuban Missile Crisis. During this period, Goulart was politically isolated, with a foreign policy which was independent of any alignment. Goulart found himself back in power with a rapidly deteriorating political and economic situation.
On January 6, 1963, Goulart successfully changed the system of government back to a presidential democracy in a referendum in which he won by a large margin. Tancredo Neves was named as the new prime minister. As such, he would be head of state, but with limited powers of head of government.
Brazil would become a parliamentary democracy, with Goulart as president. On August 29, the Brazilian Congress heard and vetoed a motion to stop Goulart from being named the president, brought by the heads of the three branches of the military and some politicians, who claimed Goulart's inauguration would put the country "on the road to civil war." A compromise was reached. At the time of his resignation, João Goulart was in the People's Republic of China on a foreign relations trip. Jânio Quadros resigned on August 25, 1961. This military dictatorship in Brazil lasted for 21 years, until 1985, when Neves was indirectly elected the first civilian president of Brazil since the 1960 elections. The coup brought to Brazil a military regime politically aligned to the interests of the United States government. It was labelled as a " socialist threat" by right-wing sectors of society and of the military, which organized major demonstrations against the government in the Marches of the Family with God for Freedom ( Marchas da Família com Deus pela Liberdade). The Basic Reforms Plan ( Reformas de Base) proposed by Goulart had the potential to socialize the profits of large companies.
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He took office with full powers, and during his rule several problems in Brazilian politics became evident, as well as disputes in the context of the Cold War, which helped destabilize his government. In 1963, however, a referendum re-established the presidential system with Goulart as president. Goulart would continue as head of state, although weakened, and Neves would be named the prime minister. After lengthy negotiations, led mainly by Tancredo Neves, Goulart's supporters and the right-wing reached an agreement under which the parliamentary system would replace the presidential system in the country. Goulart, however, was on a diplomatic trip to the People's Republic of China at the time and, although a moderate nationalist, Goulart was accused of being a communist by right-wing militants, who tried to prevent him from taking office. With the presidency vacant and according to the Brazilian Constitution, Quadros should have automatically been replaced by Goulart. Quadros anticipated that mass demonstrations would demand his return to office and strengthen his position, but he miscalculated. Quadros had resigned in 1961, the same year of his inauguration, in a clumsy political maneuver to increase his popularity. The coup put an end to the government of Goulart (also known as 'Jango'), a member of the Brazilian Labour Party, who had been democratically elected vice president in the same election in which conservative Jânio Quadros, from the National Labour Party and backed by the National Democratic Union, won the presidency.
The following day, with the military already in control of the country, the speaker of the Brazilian Congress came out in support of the coup and endorsed it by declaring vacant the office of the presidency (though Goulart never officially resigned).
#Proxie brasileiro series
The 1964 Brazilian coup d'état ( Portuguese: Golpe de estado no Brasil em 1964), colloquially known in Brazil as the Coup of 64 ( Golpe de 64), was a series of events in Brazil from March 31 to April 1 that led to the overthrow of President João Goulart by members of the Brazilian Armed Forces, supported by the United States government.
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